Shoto Ryu 松濤流

One of my senior Black Belts posed an interesting subject this past summer. Since the vast majority of Shotokan practitioners belong to the Japan Karate Association (JKA), and they seem to ‘own’ the term ‘Shotokan’, and we’re a small offshoot from the old Kenkojuku lineage, should we call ourselves something other than ‘Shotokan’ to differentiate ourselves from JKA-style teaching? He noted that Funakoshi o-sensei never called his style ‘Shotokan’; that the students hung a sign over the new dojo built in 1936 naming it Shoto (Funakoshi’s pen name as a poet) Kan - Shoto’s Hall. Outsiders then began referring to the style of karate taught inside as ‘Shotokan’. He then posed we change our name to ‘Dō Gakuin Shoto Ryu Karate-do’. I could see his point, and as much as I didn’t want to change our name that has a 27-year standing to a name hardly heard of (Shoto Ryu), I gave it careful consideration. I also threw the idea out to our bright, opinionated yudanshakai (Black Belt organization) who argued many good points ‘pro’, ‘con’, and ‘it really doesn’t matter’.

To flesh out the discourse: Funakoshi studied two different styles, Shorin Ryu and Shorei Ryu, and then blended them into his own brand of martial art. Right at this point, as to the origin of our style, to put it bluntly, the pedigree of Shotokan is a mutt. Moving to Japan in the 1920s, Funakoshi changed the kanji kara (唐 meaning ‘Chinese’) to the homonym kara (空 meaning ‘empty’). Now his hybrid of two Okinawan styles having Chinese roots was being taught as a Japanese style called ‘Karate’ (Empty Hands). Funakoshi’s third son Yoshitaka (or Gigo – 1906-1945) is noted for bringing more dynamic movements, speed, and strength to Shotokan, based on his specific body type. Tomosaburo Okano (1922-2003) trained directly under Gigo, doing Shotokan a little differently but still under the auspices of father, Gichin. As an example, Okano practiced Ni Ju Shi instead of Ni Ju Sho-ho, changed Chinte to a more ‘manly’ kata, and adapted Shotokan movements to his body type and preferences. Kenkojuku (founded 1941-42) was more Shotokan-like than the Shotokan of Gichin Funakoshi. Nakayama (1913-1987) headed the Japan Karate Association (JKA was originally founded in 1949), which went on to be the largest and most influential Shotokan organization in the world. Every member performs technique the exact same way, same rhythm, same timing, as per Nakayama’s body type, regardless of their individual strengths and weaknesses. On Funakoshi’s death in 1957, many dojos sided with either JKA or Shotokai, (Shoto's Association) which was much closer to Funakoshi’s original teachings. A simple search on YouTube shows many videos of Kenkojuku Black Belts from the 1960s, 70s, 80s, and newer, with each Black Belt performing kata and kobudo a little differently than Okano. Very long paragraph, but this shows that there is no ‘pure’ Shotokan and nobody is necessarily more or less correct than anyone else.

In our own circle of influence, Toyotaro Miyazaki heads US Shotokai (Shoto Association), Mike Hatgis heads Long Island Shotokai, Kai Leung heads Shotojuku (Shoto private school or cram school) and refers to his school on Facebook as a Shotokan-ryu. We will not relinquish the name ‘Shotokan’ just because JKA is more well-known, but we do serve notice that we are a Shoto Ryu (Shoto style, or type of dojo). As a result of all the above, we will retain the name ‘Dō Gakuin Shotokan Karate-do’.

A Short Essay -or- Rantings From A Cranky Old Man

Several people urged me to join Linkedin - “It’s good for business”, they said. “You’ll make important business contacts”, they told me. So I joined in 2010.

Then they told me to accept every contact - “You never know who will lead to someone else who can do you good”. Oh, so Linkedin is like Facebook. The goal is to have 5,000 ‘friends’, only 50 of whom you actually know, and maybe 10 who you would actually want to hang out with. Got it.

The new thing (well, it’s been going on for a little while now) is to have my contacts ‘endorse’ me for various skills & expertise. I’ve received well over 100 ‘endorsements’, mostly from people who never met me or have any idea of my capabilities. The funny thing is they’re usually endorsing me for skills I do not possess. And then they want me to endorse them when I know nothing about them! I usually don't bother to add their 'endorsement' to my profile. Yesterday, a contact whom I barely know endorsed me on a new skill: Operant Conditioning. I’m not sure I even know what the heck that is! And she’s not the first person to endorse me for operant conditioning, so I did a Google search and came up with this definition:

‘Operant Conditioning - conditioning in which an operant response is brought under stimulus control by virtue of presenting reinforcement contingent upon the occurrence of the operant response’

Great! I don’t even know what this definition means! Will somebody please give me a definition for this definition?

I don’t ask for much out of life. If you are able to improve my career, my life, please go to Linkedin and contact: Steven Gottwirt, President and Chief Instructor of Dō Gakuin Shotokan Karate-do, Inc. Just please don’t offer me a job in operant conditioning. Thank you.

I am a 10th Dan? Soke??

There are thousands of martial arts associations, organizations, federations, etc. worldwide.  Many of them are legitimate, good groups, but there are just as many fakes, frauds, phonies and charlatans out there.  I was once told, half in jest (but there are those who live by this idea), anyone can open a dojo.  If you have two or more dojos, you have an Organization.  If you can get any other school to link up with you, you have an Association.  If the school is in any other state, you have a National Association.  If you can get some school just over the border in Canada or Mexico to join with you, you now have an International Federation.  Here is a true story of how easy it is to set up a martial arts organization:

A martial artist whose name is omitted to protect the innocent (or is it the guilty?) befriended me in the late 1980s.  He headed one of those United … International … some sort of Association who accepted members from all styles worldwide.  He liked the way I taught, judged at tournaments, my students’ and my skills and techniques, and my attitude to the martial arts.  I’d often be asked to sit on his examination board for his students’ tests.  In the early 1990s, he presented me with a lifetime membership to his Association, gave me a rank certificate, an instructor’s certificate, a dojo license, and made me NY State Director of his association.  I should be honored because all this certification (which I had no use for) would normally cost an applicant thousands of dollars.  Notice I never joined his group; he joined me to his group.

He knew how I felt about rogues and self-taught martial artists.  These individuals came to his Association for ‘accreditation’ or rank promotion.  He assured me that he did thorough background checks on all applicants’ training and rank certificates.  He showed me samples of paperwork submitted - hand-drawn certificates, crayon, typewriter, and computer-generated (in those days computer graphics and print was dot matrix and heavily pixilated).  Keep in mind that this was before YouTube and convenient video files.  He would often grant rank based on paperwork submitted and never actually see the applicant in action.  I told him I’d bring in some paperwork the next time we met.

On my next visit, I said to him, “You know I hold a black belt in Shotokan.”  He said yes.  “And you know I hold a black belt in Tae Kwon Do.”  He said yes.  “Did you ever hear of the style Shotokan-Tae Kwon Do?”  He said there is no such style.  I said, “There is now.  I just created it.  I decided it goes up to 10^th Degree, and since I’m the founder, I guess that makes me…”  He grumbled, “10^th Degree.”  I reminded him of my black belt students whom he admired many times in the past and asked if he recognized their worthiness of their black belt ranks.  He said, “Of course.”  Well, recognizing their 1^st, 2^nd, and 3^rd Dan ranks added credibility to my 10^th Dan-ness as the one who trained them.  I then handed him two papers, beautiful ‘cut and paste’ certificates with ornate phoenix borders.  One was a ‘formal’ charter establishing the style ‘Shotokan-Tae Kwon Do’ with me as the Soke (founder/headmaster), and the other was my 10^th Dan ‘diploma’.  He noted that both certificates were signed by three people, adding authenticity to the documents.  I showed him that one signature was mine.  I used to be a traveling salesman and southerners didn’t like Jewish-sounding names but loved initial-type names, so on my swing thru Alabama, Tennessee, Arkansas, etc. I took my name (Steven Wayne Gottwirt) and called myself G.W. Stevens. For the third signature, I wanted an Asian name; it was signed by ‘Yeh Mi Tu’.  So the three signatures were me, me again, and yeah, me too.  He was annoyed, because this phony paperwork would have probably passed his ‘screening’ process, and finally said he couldn't accept my rank.  I said that's OK, everyone in 'my association' knows and accepts my rank, in fact, my association wouldn't recognize his rank.  Stalemate?

Be careful with organizations.  The school might be a ‘McDojo’, but make sure the head representative is not a clown.

The K Is On The Way - 2020

“The K is on the way - 2020” is a frequently-heard ‘battle cry’ these days.  This is part of the campaign to convince the International Olympic Committee (IOC) to include Karate as an Olympic sport in the 2020 Games.  While I applaud the effort and truly hope that Karate makes it to the Olympics on this, the third time it tries for inclusion, I sadly predict: it ain’t gonna happen.

I’ve always been good with concepts and terrible with facts, so I can’t really give much more than my opinion.  The story of Karate’s attempts at Olympic inclusion can be found on the internet, so I’ll just rough it out here.  ‘Karate’ is a generic term for many different Japanese and Okinawan styles with many, many associations.  Different organizations wanted to be in charge of the bid for Olympic status.  The general feeling was, “Everyone, come under my banner”.  Of course, everyone else said to come join them under their banners.  As a result, nothing got accomplished.  Tae Kwon Do (an equally generic term for many Korean styles) got their act together under the World Taekwondo Federation (WTF) and was introduced as a demonstration sport in 1988 and 1992.  It became a full-medal sport at the 2000 Games.  The Olympics only have ‘kyorugi’ (sparring), and not ‘poomse’ (forms).  Our kumite is almost the same as Korean kyorugi: blocks, punches, and kicks.  We both wear foam sparring gear and score on the same target areas.  As it now stands, there is absolutely no need for the IOC to let Karate into the Olympics.  Nothing to get upset about – Tae Kwon Do simply beat us to the punch (pun intended).

The solution is simple, but karateka seem to be too proud to do it: compete in Tae Kwon Do events.  Sparring is sparring.  Qualify for Olympic Tae Kwon Do competition.  It’s as simple as that.  Ah, but suppose someday they allow forms into Olympic competition?  This answer is just as simple, but again, karateka don’t want to do it.  Learn WTF-approved forms.  But … but … they’re KO-RE-AN, not Japanese!!!  Big deal.  Many karateka are already doing it, just not admitting to it.  The World Karate Federation (WKF) is the international governing body of Olympic Karate; the United States National Karate Federation (USANKF) is the US national governing body.  Many of my Shotokan kin compete with Goju Ryu kata, or change their Shotokan kata to conform to WKF/USANKF standards.  It seems the unwritten goal of international competition is to eliminate different styles and homogenize all of Karate, rather than acknowledge their differences.  I’ve spoken to more than one sensei who tells their students, “This is how you do kata in tournament, but if you do it this way on your test, you fail.”  Students/competitors just blindly accept it.  They don’t think to question, “Why are you teaching me kata two different ways?  Especially if each way is considered 'wrong' by the other’s standards.  What a crock!”

UPDATE - MAY 30, 2013: After a presentation before the IOC yesterday, the decision was immediately reached not to include Karate in the shortlist of sports candidates that will travel to Buenos Aires in September for the final decision of the IOC Session.

UPDATE - AUGUST 3, 2016: It was announced today that Karate will be included in the 2020 Olympic Games to be held in Tokyo, Japan. I don't mind being wrong since this will only help the Karate world.

'OSS', 'OUS', or 'OSU'? 押忍！

In the world of social media, most people must type out what they would normally say. So many speak well but are terrible spellers and have atrocious grammar. That said, there is a great divide among martial artists to acknowledge something with a strong ‘OSS!’, 'OUS!', or ‘OSU!’ Which spelling is correct? The biggest problem is that Japanese words are not ‘spelled’; each kanji character or katakana or hiragana represents a sound or word, not individual letters making up that sound or word. Many ‘experts’ have their opinions, but with a little research, here are my findings:

America and other countries sent fleets to Japan in the 1850s, opening Japan up to the Western world. Language was a major problem, as Japanese could not be read or written in the modern Roman alphabet. Dr. James Curtis Hepburn published a Romanization system in 1887 at the urging of the Romanjikai (Romanization Club) in 1885. Hepburn, an American, recognized that the majority of languages using the modern Roman alphabet do not pronounce their vowels: A, E, I, O, and U, rather AH, EH, EE, OH, and OO. The system translates words en español, ou en français, not in English. All Japanese words end in a vowel EXCEPT for the letter N. If you doubt this, go ask your ShihaN in ShotokaN, or any good SaN DaN can tell you. ‘OSS’ and 'OUS' end in an ‘S’, which is incorrect according to Hepburn’s system. Though partially swallowed up, there is a soft ‘U’ sound at the end of the word pronouncing it more like 'OSu'. It seems that ‘U’s frequently get swallowed up. Look at the word ‘shuto’ (sword hand). It’s not pronounced ‘Shoo-Toe’, but ‘SHuTO’. Strange concept? Not really. Look at words like ‘didn’t’, where the second ‘D’ gets swallowed up and we say ‘di-nt’, or 'bottle', with it's glottal stop we say 'bo-le'.

‘Oss’, 'Ous', and ‘Osu’ are all recognized as acknowledgement, but technically ‘Osu’ is more correct. As martial artists, we strive to be as technically correct as possible. If you agree, respond with a strong ‘Osu!’

"Gakuin"? 学院?

I once had a conversation with a Japanese master who questioned our using the term 'gakuin'. Gakuin means: an academy, or learning institute; a term that might be too lofty for a Karate dojo. I told him that we were founded at New York Institute of Technology, and that I train at Black Belt Academy. I also explained that words like 'academy' and 'institute' are often used in business and advertising to make a subject seem deeper than it actually is (e.g. 'American Bartender's Institute' and 'Wilfred Beauty Academy'). Not wanting to be brash, I did not point out to him that his own dojo was named at that time '(his name) Karate Institute'. He said he understood, and his concerns were allayed.

What's My Rank?

I recently had an experience with a new member who had trained in Chinese martial arts. There have been similar incidents in the past, but this one is fresh in my mind. The gentleman, a Kung Fu black belt, was now intent on learning Shotokan. ‘Intent’ is putting it too mildly. He phoned the dojo at least a dozen times before he joined, each time vowing to be the most dedicated student imaginable, to train hard and learn Shotokan, to stay loyal to me, the dojo, and the style, to be with us for the next ten to fifteen years. It reminds me of the 1954 Bugs Bunny cartoon, ‘Bugs and Thugs’, with Rocky the mobster: “Rocky: SHUT UP!” “Bugs Bunny: Shut up? Why soitainly! You don't tink I'm da type dat would keep on blabbin'? Some people never know when to stop. When I'm told to shut up, I shut u-up...” “Rocky: [sticks gun in Bugs' face] Shut UP shuttin' up!” Whenever a new member is this ‘gung-ho’, a red flag goes up in my mind. I felt this new member would not stay long with the dojo. Hey, prove me wrong. I have no problem being wrong if the new member sticks with it, but I’m almost always right. One of our brown belts is a music teacher and says he experiences the same thing: when a new student is too gung-ho, they burn out and disappear quickly. This new dojo member was assured he’d be given all the privileges of senior rank; he would spar (only color belts spar in our dojo), and he’d be taught advanced kata as soon as he’s ready for it. I (or one of my senior senseis) would give him a simple practice pattern to assist him in developing body movement we use in Shotokan. Within three minutes we’d see he abandoned the practice exercise and instead would work a step-over, spinning kick/backfist combination. Good technique, but it’s not helping him learn the way we move in Shotokan. I’d correct him, show him the practice pattern again, explain the importance of staying with it to develop Shotokan movement, and leave him on his own to practice while I worked with other students. Repeatedly, within three minutes, he would abandon the exercise and practice his same step-over, spinning kick/backfist combination. Meanwhile, he didn’t develop the basic movements of Shotokan. This member missed many more classes than he attended. Through no fault of his own; he had family emergencies and work schedule problems. He’d always return to class swearing his allegiance all over again. I never called him out on his dedication; he was doing the right thing and taking care of responsibilities, but it didn’t change the fact that he missed many more classes than he attended. By test time, this member had only learned Taikyoku Shodan, Nidan, and Sandan, but still couldn’t move in a Shotokan manner. He seemed disappointed that he’d be eligible for ‘only’ yellow belt, being a black belt in Chinese martial arts. On his test, he knew almost no Japanese terminology, despite being given fact sheets weeks earlier. He had difficulty performing the basics within his kata, never having developed the Shotokan way of movement. Rather than pass judgment on his performance, he was told by two instructors that his test was incomplete and he could demonstrate his knowledge of Japanese terminology and movement at his next class. He never returned.

Imagine having a heart ailment and going to the doctor, but it turns out the doctor’s degree is in dentistry. Is he a doctor? Yes. Do you give him all the respect a professional deserves? Yes. Do you want him treating your heart? Hell no! Similarly, a black belt in another style should be shown due respect and courtesy in another dojo, but it doesn’t change the fact that he’s a white belt in this new discipline. Can he fight? Yes. Does he have effective moves? Yes. Can he demonstrate higher than white belt katas? No.

I am a card-carrying member of the Ryukyu Bujutsu Kenkyu Doyukai (RBKD) since 1990, having taken Yamanni Ryu seminars with Oshiro-shihan since he first came to NY in 1984. I know several katas, but never fully developed the ‘bounce’ unique to the style. At seminars they allow me to wear my Shotokan black belt, show me all due respect, but it doesn’t change the fact that I’m a white belt in Yamanni Ryu. This doesn’t bother me: different style, different requirements; in fact it makes sense that I’m ‘only’ a Yamanni Ryu white belt after 28 years.